摘自朋友的博克

来几个兔子冷笑话~~~

一天，袋鼠开着车在乡村小路上转悠，突然看到小白兔在路中央，耳朵及身体几乎完全趴在地上似乎在听什么... 

于是..袋鼠停下车很好奇地问：“小白兔，请问一下你在听什么？”  
                                              “半小时前这里有一辆大货车经过...” 
　　                                        “哇靠..这么神！..你是怎么知道的？..” 
　　                                        “他XX的！我的脖子和腿就是这么断的..”

一天,小白兔跑到药店里,问老板:"老板老板,你这里有胡萝卜吗?" 

老板说:"没有。" 

小白兔就走了。 

第二天,小白兔跑到药店里,问老板:"老板老板,你这里有胡萝卜吗?" 

老板说:"我都跟你说过了,没有!" 

小白兔就走了。 

第三天,小白兔跑到药店里,问老板:"老板老板,你这里有胡萝卜吗?" 

老板急了:"我跟你说过多少次了?!没有!!!你再烦人,我就拿老虎钳子把你的牙 

都拔下来!" 

小白兔害怕了,跑掉了。 

第四天,小白兔跑到药店里,问老板:"老板老板,你这里有老虎钳子吗?" 

老板说:"没有。" 

小白兔问:"那,你有胡萝卜吗?" 

老板真的生气了,拿出老虎钳子来,就把小白兔的牙给通通拔掉了。 

第五天,小白兔跑到药店里,问老板:"老板老板,你这里有胡萝卜汁吗?"

• SEPTEMBER 16, 2008

U.S. Plans Rescue of AIG to Halt Crisis;
Central Banks Inject Cash as Credit Dries Up

Emergency Loans for Giant Insurer Aimed at Averting Collapse;
Historic Move Comes Amid Worries About Money-Market Funds;
AIG board Approves $85 Billion Government-Led Rescue Plan

The U.S government moved toward an emergency rescue of American International Group Inc. -- one of the world's biggest insurers -- signaling the intensity of its concerns about the danger a collapse could pose to the financial system.

The board of AIG approved a government-led rescue plan late Tuesday, according to people familiar with the matter.

The decision to provide a federal backstop for AIG came Tuesday as the federal government concluded it would be "catastrophic" to allow AIG to fail, according to a person familiar with the matter. Federal officials had tried to get the private sector to pony up funds during a three-day meeting in New York over the weekend.

But those efforts failed and with no private sector support forthcoming, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, Federal Reserve Bank of New York President Timothy Geithner and Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson concluded that federal assistance would be necessary to avert an AIG bankruptcy, which they feared would have disastrous repercussions throughout the financial markets.

Staff from the Federal Reserve and Treasury worked on the plan through Monday night. President Bush was briefed on the rescue Tuesday afternoon during a meeting of the President's Working Groups on Financial Markets.

Associated Press

Businessmen leave an American International Group office building Tuesday in New York.

The move is a dramatic turnabout for the federal government, which has strongly resisted overtures from AIG for an emergency loan or some intervention that would prevent the insurer from falling into bankruptcy. Just last weekend, the government effectively pulled the plug on Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., allowing the big investment bank to fail instead of giving it financial support.

The precise details of the government's plans were still being formulated. The primary option being hammered out involved the Fed providing AIG with a short-term loan of $85 billion, according to people familiar with the situation. In exchange, the government would receive warrants in AIG representing the right to buy its as much as 80% of its stock under certain conditions, according to one person familiar with the matter.

That could put the government in a position to potentially control of a private insurer, a historic move, especially considering that AIG isn't directly regulated by the federal government.

The moves capped day of high drama in Washington, which was peppered with canceled meetings and speeches from top officials. Messrs. Paulson and Bernanke convened in the early evening an unexpected meeting of top Congressional leaders, including Sen. Harry Reid of Nevada, the majority leader, top members of the Senate banking committee and leaders, too, from the House.

Sen. Richard Shelby of Alabama said he didn't receive a "satisfactory" answer from Mr. Paulson in an early conversation about the ultimate scope of government intervention. "I laid out -- where do you stop? Where do you draw the line?"

The Federal Reserve appeared to be motivated in part by worries that Wall Street's financial crisis could begin to spill over into seemingly safe investments held by small investors, such as money-market funds that invest in AIG debt.

View Slideshow

Indeed, on Tuesday the $62 billion Reserve Primary Fund, a New York cash-management fund, said it "broke the buck" -- that is, its net asset value fell below $1-a-share level that funds like this must maintain. Breaking the buck is an extremely rare occurrence. The fund was pinched by investments in bonds issued by now collapsing Lehman Brothers.

Money-market funds are supposed to be among the safest investments available. No fund in the $3.5 trillion mutual-fund industry has lost money since 1994, when Orange County, Calif., went bankrupt. A number of money-market funds own securities issued by AIG.

AIG's financial crisis intensified Monday night when its credit rating was downgraded, forcing it to post $14.5 billion in collateral. The insurer has far more than that in assets that it could sell, but it could not get the cash quickly enough to satisfy the collateral demands. Thus the interest in obtaining a bridge loan to carry it through.

That the government would prop up AIG financially offers a stark indication of the breadth of the insurer's role in the global economy. If AIG were to have trouble meeting its obligations, the potential domino effect could reach around the world.

For one thing, banks and mutual funds are major holders off AIG's debt and could take a hit if the insurer were to default. In addition, AIG was a major seller of "credit-default swaps," essentially, insurance against default on assets tied to corporate debt and mortgage securities. Weakness at AIG could force financial institutions in the U.S., Europe and Asia that bought these swaps to take write-downs or losses.

AIG's millions of insurance policyholders appear to be considerably less at risk. That's because of how the company is structured and regulated. Its insurance policies are issued by separate subsidiaries of AIG, highly regulated units that have assets available to pay claims. In the U.S., those assets can't be shifted out of the subsidiaries without regulatory approval, and insurance is also regulated strictly abroad.

Tuesday afternoon, after the market closed, AIG put out a statement saying its basic insurance and retirement services businesses are "fully capable of meeting their obligations to policyholders." AIG said it was trying to "increase short-term liquidity in the parent company," but said that didn't "include any effort to reduce the capital of any of its subsidiaries or to tap into Asian operations for liquidity." Asia is one AIG's largest markets.

Where the company is feeling financial pain is at the corporate level, even while its insurance operations are healthy. If a bankruptcy filing did ensue, the insurance subsidiaries could continue to operate while in Chapter 11, or could also be sold.

Still, a collapse of the parent company would have huge ripple effects. The urgency of federal aid came into stark relief Tuesday as other options fell off the table and pressures continued to built. On Tuesday, AIG's attempt to raise as much as $75 billion from private-sector banks failed. The banks advising the firm concluded it would be all but impossible to organize a loan of that size, making the government AIG's chief hope.

As a result of the credit downgrades, AIG has to post $14.5 billion in collateral to bolster its credit rating. In the debt markets, AIG also has to post additional collateral to investment banks and others it trades with.

Crisis on Wall Street

·                                 Greenberg's Letter to AIG CEO Willumstad

·                                 Wash Wire: Bush Not to Comment on Paulson Meeting

·                                 Crisis Blog: Questions and Answers on AIG

·                                 AIG, Lehman Shock Hits World Markets

·                                 Old-School Banks Emerge on Top

·                                 Complete Coverage: Wall Street in Crisis

Concerns about AIG's future are prompting some of its clients to close out their accounts, further exacerbating the situation, according to a person familiar with the matter.

Adding to AIG's woes, investors continued to pummel the company's stock on Tuesday, pushing the share price down another 21%, to $3.75. It was the third double-digit percentage decline in the last three trading days.

Federal officials worked throughout the day to help the company forestall a possible bankruptcy filing. Insurance regulators in New York, where AIG is based, are also working on a plan to let AIG move some assets into and out of its subsidiaries in order to be able to borrow up to $20 billion against some of them. But a spokesman says the department is confident it is protecting policyholders.

"Our deal is contingent on a broader solution to AIG's problems," says the department spokesman, David Neustadt.

AIG's cash squeeze is driven in large part by losses in a unit separate from its traditional insurance businesses. That financial-products unit, which has been a part of AIG for years, sold the credit-default swap contracts designed to protect investors against default in an array of assets, including subprime mortgages.

But as the housing market has crumbled, the value of those contracts has dropped sharply, driving $18 billion in losses over the past three quarters and forcing AIG to put up billions of dollars in collateral. AIG raised $20 billion earlier this year. But the ongoing demands are straining the holding company's resources. Further losses in the third quarter are increasing the tension.

That strain contributed to the ratings downgrades on Monday. Those downgrades, in turn, ratcheted up the pressure on the company to come up with more cash, quickly.

As confidence in the company's fate has plummeted, the amount it feels compelled to raise to calm its many constituents continues to rise. Though $40 billion was the figure over the weekend, it climbed to 75 billion on Monday and, according to a person close to the company, to $100 billion on Tuesday.

The rapid escalation in its potential needs has raised the spectre of bankruptcy. In preparation for a possible bankruptcy filing, AIG has hired New York law firm Weil Gotshal & Manges to advise it. Weil is also working for Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., which filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection earlier this week.

Experts say insurance bankruptcies are somewhat rare, partly because the insurance industry is largely governed by state law and therefore largely barred from using the federal-bankruptcy system.

The ratings downgrades also triggered a provision in some of AIG's large commercial insurance policies that allow holders to cancel the policies and recoup some of the premiums they paid, according to people familiar with the matter. It's not clear whether policyholders are exercising that right.

But insurance brokers are contending with worried clients who have policies issued by AIG. Daniel Glaser, the head of the brokerage unit at Marsh & McLennan Cos. (and a former AIG executive) posted a letter to customers on the company's Web site saying that AIG is "facing a liquidity crisis." Nonetheless, Mr. Glaser wrote that AIG meets the broker's "financial guidelines," despite recent rating downgrades. "Therefore, we have no restrictions on the use of AIG insurance company subsidiaries for client placements," Mr. Glaser wrote.

In Asia, where AIG operates a wide network of businesses, its affiliates sought to reassure clients that they had sufficient capital to meet all policy claims. Regulators in India, Hong Kong, Singapore and Thailand said local AIG units have enough capital to cover their obligations. Regulators in China said they were monitoring the situation.

Customers outside the U.S. accounted for 79% of AIG's insurance premiums last year, with Japan and Taiwan among its largest markets.

Despite reassurances from regulators that their policies were covered and warnings that cancellations could lead to losses, dozens of people lined up outside AIG-affiliated offices in Singapore. Some waited for three hours to be attended by staffers. Others said that they wanted to make sure that their policies are safe, while others said they would cancel their policies.

—Jon Hilsenrath, Diya Gullapalli, Serena Ng, Damian Paletta and Ashby Jones contributed to this article.

Write to Matthew Karnitschnig at matthew.karnitschnig@wsj.com, Deborah Solomon at deborah.solomon@wsj.com and Liam Pleven at liam.pleven@wsj.com

Federal Reserve Statement on Emergency Loan to AIG: Text

Sept. 16 (Bloomberg) -- The following is a reformatted version of a Federal Reserve statement released today from Washington:

``The Federal Reserve Board on Tuesday, with the full support of the Treasury Department, authorized the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to lend up to $85 billion to the American International Group (AIG) under Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act. The secured loan has terms and conditions designed to protect the interests of the U.S. government and taxpayers.

``The Board determined that, in current circumstances, a disorderly failure of AIG could add to already significant levels of financial market fragility and lead to substantially higher borrowing costs, reduced household wealth and materially weaker economic performance.

``The purpose of this liquidity facility is to assist AIG in meeting its obligations as they come due. This loan will facilitate a process under which AIG will sell certain of its businesses in an orderly manner, with the least possible disruption to the overall economy.

``The AIG facility has a 24-month term. Interest will accrue on the outstanding balance at a rate of three-month Libor plus 850 basis points. AIG will be permitted to draw up to $85 billion under the facility.

``The interests of taxpayers are protected by key terms of the loan. The loan is collateralized by all the assets of AIG, and of its primary non-regulated subsidiaries. These assets include the stock of substantially all of the regulated subsidiaries. The loan is expected to be repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the firm's assets. The U.S. government will receive a 79.9 percent equity interest in AIG and has the right to veto the payment of dividends to common and preferred shareholders.''

Last Updated: September 16, 2008 21:00 EDT

　　昔者文公出走而正天下，桓公去國而霸諸侯，越王句踐遇吳王之醜，而尚攝中國之賢君，三子之能達名成功於天下也，皆於其國抑而大醜也。太上無敗，其次敗而有以成，此之謂用民。

　　吾聞之曰：「非無安居也，我無安心也；非無足財也，我無足心也。」是故君子自難而易彼，眾人自易而難彼。君子進不敗其志，內究其情，雖雜庸民，終無怨心，彼有自信者也。是故為其所難者，必得其所欲焉，未聞為其所欲，而免其所惡者也。是故偪臣傷君，諂下傷上。君必有弗弗之臣，上必有詻詻之下。分議者延延，而支苟者詻詻，焉可以長生保國。臣下重其爵位而不言，近臣則喑，遠臣則吟，怨結於民心，諂諛在側，善議障塞，則國危矣。桀紂不以其無天下之士邪？殺其身而喪天下。故曰：歸國寶不若獻賢而進士。

　　今有五錐，此其銛，銛者必先挫；有五刀，此其錯，錯者必先靡。是以甘井近竭，招木近伐，靈龜近灼，神蛇近暴。是故比干之殪，其抗也；孟賁之殺，其勇也；西施之沈，其美也；吳起之裂，其事也。故彼人者，寡不死其所長，故曰：太盛難守也。

　　故雖有賢君，不愛無功之臣，雖有慈父，不愛無益之子。是故不勝其任而處其位，非此位之人也；不勝其爵而處其祿，非此祿之主也。良弓難張，然可以及高入深；良馬難乘，然可以任重致遠；良才難令，然可以致君見尊。是故江河不惡小谷之滿己也，故能大。聖人者，事無辭也，物無違也，故能為天下器。是故江河之水，非一源之水也；千鎰之裘，非一狐之白也。夫惡有同方取不取同而已者乎？蓋非兼王之道也。是故天地不昭昭，大水不潦潦，大火不燎燎，王德不堯堯者，乃千人之長也。其直如矢，其平如砥，不足以覆萬物。是故谿陝者速涸，逝淺者速竭，墝埆者其地不育，王者淳澤，不出宮中，則不能流國矣。

脩身第二
　　君子戰雖有陳，而勇為本焉；喪雖有禮，而哀為本焉；士雖有學，而行為本焉。是故置本不安者，無務豐末；近者不親，無務來遠；親戚不附，無務外交；事無終始，無務多業；舉物而闇，無務博聞。是故先王之治天下也，必察邇來遠。君子察邇而邇脩者也。見不脩行，見毀，而反之身者也，此以怨省而行脩矣。譖慝之言，無入之耳；批扞之聲，無出之口；殺傷人之孩，無存之心，雖有詆訐之民，無所依矣。故君子力事日彊，願欲日逾，設壯日盛。君子之道也，貧則見廉，富則見義，生則見愛，死則見哀，四行者不可虛假，反之身者也。藏於心者無以竭愛，動於身者無以竭恭，出於口者無以竭馴。暢之四支，接之肌膚，華髮隳顛，而猶弗舍者，其唯聖人乎！

　　志不彊者智不達，言不信者行不果。據財不能以分人者，不足與友；守道不篤、遍物不博、辯是非不察者，不足與游。本不固者末必幾，雄而不脩者其後必惰，原濁者流不清，行不信者名必秏。名不徒生，而譽不自長，功成名遂，名譽不可虛假，反之身者也。務言而緩行，雖辯必不聽；多力而伐功，雖勞必不圖。慧者心辯而不繁說，多力而不伐功，此以名譽揚天下，言無務為多而務為智，無務為文而務為察。故彼智無察，在身而情，反其路者也。善無主於心者不留，行莫辯於身者不立。名不可簡而成也，譽不可巧而立也，君子以身戴行者也。思利尋焉，忘名忽焉，可以為士於天下者，未嘗有也。

所染第三
　　子墨子言見染絲者而歎，曰：染於蒼則蒼，染於黃則黃，所入者變，其色亦變，五入必，而已則為五色矣！故染不可不慎也！」

　　非獨染絲然也，國亦有染。舜染於許由、伯陽，禹染於皋陶、伯益，湯染於伊尹仲虺，武王染於太公、周公。此四王者所染當，故王天下，立為天子，功名蔽天地。舉天下之仁義顯人，必稱此四王者。夏桀染於干辛、推哆，殷紂染於崇侯、惡來，厲王染於厲公長父、榮夷終，幽王染於傅公夷、蔡公穀。此四王者，所染不當，故國殘身死，為天下僇。舉天下不義辱人，必稱此四王者。齊桓染於管仲、鮑叔，晉文染於舅犯、高偃，楚莊染於孫叔、沈尹，吳闔閭染於伍員、文義，越句踐染於范蠡、大夫種。此五君者所染當，故霸諸侯，功名傳於後世。范吉射染於長柳朔、王胜，中行寅染於籍秦、高彊，吳夫差染於王孫雒﹑太宰嚭，知伯搖染於智國、張武，中山尚染於魏義、偃長，宋康染於唐鞅、佃不禮。此六君者所染不當，故國家殘亡，身為刑戮，宗廟破滅，絕無後類，君臣離散，民人流亡，舉天下之貪暴苛擾者，必稱此六君也。凡君之所以安者何也？以其行理也，行理性於染當。故善為君者，勞於論人，而佚於治官。不能為君者，傷形費神，愁心勞意，然國逾危，身逾辱。此六君者，非不重其國愛其身也，以不知要故也。不知要者，所染不當也。

　　非獨國有染也，士亦有染。其友皆好仁義，淳謹畏令，則家日益、身日安、名日榮，處官得其理矣，則段干木、禽子、傅說之徒是也。其友皆好矜奮，創作比周，則家日損、身日危、名日辱，處官失其理矣，則子西、易牙、豎刀之徒是也。詩曰「必擇所堪。必謹所堪」者，此之謂也。

法儀第四
　　子墨子曰：「天下從事者不可以無法儀，無法儀而其事能成者無有也。雖至士之為將相者，皆有法，雖至百工從事者，亦皆有法，百工為方以矩，為圓以規，直以繩，正以縣。無巧工不巧工，皆以此五者為法。巧者能中之，不巧者雖不能中，放依以從事，猶逾己。故百工從事，皆有法所度。今大者治天下，其次治大國，而無法所度，此不若百工，辯也。」

　　然則奚以為治法而可？當皆法其父母奚若？天下之為父母者眾，而仁者寡，若皆法其父母，此法不仁也。法不仁，不可以為法。當皆法其學奚若？天下之為學者眾，而仁者寡，若皆法其學，此法不仁也。法不仁，不可以為法。當皆法其君奚若？天下之為君者眾，而仁者寡，若皆法其君，此法不仁也。法不仁不可以為法。故父母、學、君三者，莫可以為治法。

　　然則奚以為治法而可？故曰莫若法天。天之行廣而無私，其施厚而不德，其明久而不衰，故聖王法之。既以天為法，動作有為必度於天，天之所欲則為之，天所不欲則止。然而天何欲何惡者也？天必欲人之相愛相利，而不欲人之相惡相賊也。奚以知天之欲人之相愛相利，而不欲人之相惡相賊也？以其兼而愛之、兼而利之也。奚以知天兼而愛之、兼而利之也？以其兼而有之、兼而食之也。今天下無大小國，皆天之邑也。人無幼長貴賤，皆天之臣也。此以莫不犓羊、豢犬豬，絜為酒醴粢盛，以敬事天，此不為兼而有之、兼而食之邪！天苟兼而有食之，夫奚說以不欲人之相愛相利也！故曰愛人利人者，天必福之；惡人賊人者，天必禍之。曰殺不辜者，得不祥焉。夫奚說人為其相殺而天與禍乎！是以知天欲人相愛相利，而不欲人相惡相賊也。

　　昔之聖王禹湯文武，兼愛天下之百姓，率以尊天事鬼，其利人多，故天福之，使立為天子，天下諸侯皆賓事之。暴王桀紂幽厲，兼惡天下之百姓，率以詬天侮鬼，其賊人多，故天禍之，使遂失其國家，身死為僇於天下，後世子孫毀之，至今不息。故為不善以得禍者，桀、紂、幽、厲是也，愛人利人以得福者，禹湯文武是也。愛人利人以得福者有矣，惡人賊人以得禍者亦有矣。

七患第五
　　子墨子曰：「國有七患。七患者何？城郭溝池不可守，而治宮室，一患也；邊國至境四鄰莫救，二患也；先盡民力無用之功，賞賜無能之人，民力盡於無用，財寶虛於待客，三患也；仕者持祿，游者愛佼，君脩法討臣，臣懾而不敢拂，四患也；君自以為聖智而不問事，自以為安彊而無守備，四鄰謀之不知戒，五患也；所信者不忠，所忠者不信，六患也；畜種菽粟不足以食之，大臣不足以事之，賞賜不能喜，誅罰不能威，七患也。以七患居國，必無社稷；以七患守城，敵至國傾。七患之所當，國必有殃。

今有負其子而汲者，隊其子於井中，其母必從而道之。今歲凶、民饑、道餓，重其子此疚於隊，其可無察邪？故時年歲善，則民仁且良；時年歲凶，則民吝且惡。夫民何常此之有？為者疾，食者眾，則歲無豐。故曰財不足則反之時，食不足則反之用。故先民以時生財。固本而用財，則財足。故雖上世之聖王，豈能使五穀常收，而旱水不至哉？然而無凍餓之民者何也？其力時急，而自養儉也。故夏書曰：『禹七年水』，殷書曰：『湯五年旱』，此其離凶餓甚矣，然而民不凍餓者何也？其生財密，其用之節也。

　　故倉無備粟，不可以待凶饑。庫無備兵，雖有義不能征無義。城郭不備全，不可以自守。心無備慮，不可以應卒。是若慶忌無去之心，不能輕出。夫桀無待湯之備，故放；紂無待武之備，故殺。桀、紂貴為天子，富有天下，然而皆滅亡於百里之君者何也？有富貴而不為備也。故備者國之重也，食者國之寶也，兵者國之爪也，城者所以自守也，此三者國之具也。故曰以其極賞，以賜無功，虛其府庫，以備車馬衣裘奇怪，苦其役徒，以治宮室觀樂，死又厚為棺槨，多為衣裘，生時治臺榭，死又脩墳墓，故民苦於外，府庫單於內，上不厭其樂，下不堪其苦。故國離寇敵則傷，民見凶饑則亡，此皆備不具之罪也。且夫食者，聖人之所寶也。故周書曰：『國無三年之食者，國非其國也；家無三年之食者，子非其子也。』此之謂國備。」

辭過第六
　　子墨子曰：「古之民未知為宮室時，就陵阜而居。穴而處，下潤濕傷民，故聖王作為宮室。為宮室之法，曰：『室高足以辟潤濕，邊足以圉風寒，上足以待雪霜雨露，宮牆之高足以別男女之禮。』謹此則止，凡費財勞力，不加利者，不為也。役，脩其城郭，則民勞而不傷；以其常正，收其租稅，則民費而不病。民所苦者非此也，苦於厚作歛於百姓。是故聖王作為宮室，便於生，不以為觀樂也；作為衣服帶履，便於身，不以為辟怪也。故節於身，誨於民，是以天下之民可得而治，財用可得而足。當今之主，其為宮室則與此異矣。必厚作斂於百姓，暴奪民衣食之財以為宮室臺榭曲直之望、青黃刻鏤之飾。為宮室若此，故左右皆法象之。是以其財不足以待凶饑，振孤寡，故國貧而民難治也。君實欲天下之治而惡其亂也，當為宮室不可不節。

　　古之民未知為衣服時，衣皮帶茭，冬則不輕而溫，夏則不輕而凊。聖王以為不中人之情，故作誨婦人治絲麻梱布絹，以為民衣。為衣服之法：『冬則練帛之中，足以為輕且煖；夏則絺綌之中，足以為輕且凊。』謹此則止。故聖人之為衣服，適身體，和肌膚而足矣，非榮耳目而觀愚民也。當是之時，堅車良馬不知貴也，刻鏤文采不知喜也。何則？其所道之然。故民衣食之財，家足以待旱水凶饑者何也？得其所以自養之情，而不感於外也。是以其民儉而易治，其君用財節而易贍也。府庫實滿，足以待不然，兵革不頓，士民不勞，足以征不服，故霸王之業可行於天下矣。當今之主，其為衣服，則與此異矣。冬則輕煖，夏則輕凊，皆已具矣，必厚作斂於百姓，暴奪民衣食之財，以為錦繡文采靡曼之衣，鑄金以為鉤，珠玉以為珮，女工作文采，男工作刻鏤，以為身服。此非云益煖之情也，單財勞力畢歸之於無用也。以此觀之，其為衣服，非為身體，皆為觀好。是以其民淫僻而難治，其君奢侈而難諫也。夫以奢侈之君御好淫僻之民，欲國無亂不可得也。君實欲天下之治而惡其亂，當為衣服不可不節。

　　古之民未知為飲食時，素食而分處，故聖人作誨，男耕稼樹藝，以為民食。其為食也，足以增氣充虛，彊體適腹而已矣。故其用財節，其自養儉，民富國治。今則不然，厚作斂於百姓，以為美食芻豢，蒸炙魚鱉，大國累百器，小國累十器，前方丈，目不能遍視，手不能遍操，口不能遍味，冬則凍冰，夏則飾饐。人君為飲食如此，故左右象之，是以富貴者奢侈，孤寡者凍餒雖欲無亂，不可得也。君實欲天下治而惡其亂，當為食飲不可不節。

　　古之民未為知舟車時，重任不移，遠道不至，故聖王作為舟車，以便民之事。其為舟車也，全固輕利，可以任重致遠，其為用財少，而為利多，是以民樂而利之。法令不急而行，民不勞而上足用，故民歸之。當今之主，其為舟車與此異矣。全固輕利皆已具，必厚作斂於百姓，以飾舟車，飾車以文采，飾舟以刻鏤。女子廢其紡織而脩文采，故民寒，男子離其耕稼而脩刻鏤，故民饑。人君為舟車若此，故左右象之，是以其民饑寒並至，故為姦邪。姦邪多則刑罰深，刑罰深則國亂。君實欲天下之治而惡其亂，當為舟車不可不節。

　　凡回於天地之間，包於四海之內，天壤之情，陰陽之和，莫不有也，雖至聖不能更也，何以知其然？聖人有傳，天地也，則曰上下；四時也，則曰陰陽；人情也，則曰男女；禽獸也，則曰牡牝雄雌也。真天壤之情，雖有先王不能更也。雖上世至聖，必蓄私不以傷行，故民無怨，宮無拘女，故天下無寡夫。內無拘女，外無寡夫，故天下之民眾。當今之君其蓄私也，大國拘女累千，小國累百，是以天下之男多寡無妻，女多拘無夫，男女失時，故民少，君實欲民之眾而惡其寡，當蓄私不可不節。

　　凡此五者，聖人之所儉節也，小人之所淫佚也，儉節則昌，淫佚則亡，此五者不可不節。夫婦節而天地和，風雨節而五穀孰，衣服節而肌膚和。」

三辯第七
　　程繁問於子墨子曰：「夫子曰『聖王不為樂』。昔諸侯倦於聽治，息於鐘鼓之樂；士大夫倦於聽治，息於竽瑟之樂；農夫春耕夏耘，秋斂冬藏，息於聆缶之樂。今夫子曰：『聖王不為樂』，此譬之猶馬駕而不稅，弓張而不弛，無乃非有血氣者之所不能至邪？」

　　子墨子曰：「昔者堯舜有茅茨者，且以為禮，且以為樂；湯放桀於大水，環天下自立以為王，事成功立，無大後患，因先王之樂，又自作樂，命曰護，又脩九招；武王勝殷殺紂，環天下自立以為王，事成功立，無大後患，因先王之樂，又自作樂，命曰象；周成王因先王之樂，又自作樂，命曰騶虞。周成王之治天下也，不若武王，武王之治天下也，不若成湯，成湯之治天下也，不若堯舜。故其樂逾繁者，其治逾寡。自此觀之，樂非所以治天下也。」

　　程繁曰：「子曰：『聖王無樂』，此亦樂已，若之何其謂聖王無樂也？」

　　子墨子曰：「聖王之命也，多寡之。食之利也，以知饑而食之者智也，因為無智矣。今聖有樂而少，此亦無也。」

卷二
尚賢上第八
　　子墨子言曰：「今者王公大人為政於國家者，皆欲國家之富，人民之眾，刑政之治，然而不得富而得貧，不得眾而得寡，不得治而得亂，則是本失其所欲，得其所惡，是其故何也？」

　　子墨子言曰：「是在王公大人為政於國家者，不能以尚賢事能為政也。是故國有賢良之士眾，則國家之治厚，賢良之士寡，則國家之治薄。故大人之務，將在於眾賢而己。」

　　曰：「然則眾賢之術將柰何哉？」

　　子墨子言曰：「譬若欲眾其國之善射御之士者，必將富之，貴之，敬之，譽之，然后國之善射御之士，將可得而眾也。況又有賢良之士厚乎德行，辯乎言談，博乎道術者乎，此固國家之珍，而社稷之佐也，亦必且富之，貴之，敬之，譽之，然后國之良士，亦將可得而眾也。

　　是故古者聖王之為政也，言曰：「不義不富，不義不貴，不義不親，不義不近。」是以國之富貴人聞之，皆退而謀曰：『始我所恃者，富貴也，今上舉義不辟貧賤，然則我不可不為義。』親者聞之，亦退而謀曰：『始我所恃者親也，今上舉義不辟疏，然則我不可不為義。』近者聞之，亦退而謀曰：『始我所恃者近也，今上舉義不避遠，然則我不可不為義。』遠者聞之，亦退而謀曰：『我始以遠為無恃，今上舉義不辟遠，然則我不可不為義。』逮至遠鄙郊外之臣，門庭庶子，國中之眾、四鄙之萌人聞之，皆競為義。是其故何也？曰：上之所以使下者，一物也，下之所以事上者，一術也。譬之富者有高牆深宮，牆立既，謹上為鑿一門，有盜人入，闔其自入而求之，盜其無自出。是其故何也？則上得要也。

　　故古者聖王之為政，列德而尚賢，雖在農與工肆之人，有能則舉之，高予之爵，重予之祿，任之以事，斷予之令，曰：「爵位不高則民弗敬，蓄祿不厚則民不信，政令不斷則民不畏」，舉三者授之賢者，非為賢賜也，欲其事之成。故當是時，以德就列，以官服事，以勞殿賞，量功而分祿。故官無常貴，而民無終賤，有能則舉之，無能則下之，舉公義，辟私怨，此若言之謂也。故古者堯舉舜於服澤之陽，授之政，天下平；禹舉益於陰方之中，授之政，九州成；湯舉伊尹於庖廚之中，授之政，其謀得；文王舉閎夭泰顛於罝罔之中，授之政，西土服。故當是時，雖在於厚祿尊位之臣，莫不敬懼而施，雖在農與工肆之人，莫不競勸而尚意。故士者所以為輔相承嗣也。故得士則謀不困，體不勞，名立而功成，美章而惡不生，則由得士也。」

　　是故子墨子言曰：「得意賢士不可不舉，不得意賢士不可不舉，尚欲祖述堯舜禹湯之道，將不可以不尚賢。夫尚賢者，政之本也。」

尚賢中第九
　　子墨子言曰：「今王公大人之君人民，主社稷，治國家，欲脩保而勿失，故不察尚賢為政之本也。何以知尚賢之為政本也？曰自貴且智者，為政乎愚且賤者，則治；自愚賤者，為政乎貴且智者，則亂。是以知尚賢之為政本也。故古者聖王甚尊尚賢而任使能，不黨父兄，不偏貴富，不嬖顏色，賢者舉而上之，富而貴之，以為官長；不肖者抑而廢之，貧而賤之以為徒役，是以民皆勸其賞，畏其罰，相率而為賢。者以賢者眾，而不肖者寡，此謂進賢。然後聖人聽其言，跡其行，察其所能，而慎予官，此謂事能。故可使治國者，使治國，可使長官者，使長官，可使治邑者，使治邑。凡所使治國家，官府，邑里，此皆國之賢者也。

　　賢者之治國也，蚤朝晏退，聽獄治政，是以國家治而刑法正。賢者之長官也，夜寢夙興，收斂關市、山林、澤梁之利，以實官府，是以官府實而財不散。賢者之治邑也，蚤出莫入，耕稼、樹藝、聚菽粟，是以菽粟多而民足乎食。故國家治則刑法正，官府實則萬民富。上有以絜為酒醴栥盛，以祭祀天鬼；外有以為皮幣，與四鄰諸侯交接，內有以食飢息勞，將養其萬民。外有以懷天下之賢人。是故上者天鬼富之，外者諸侯與之，內者萬民親之，賢人歸之，以此謀事則得，舉事則成，入守則固，出誅則疆。故唯昔三代聖王堯、舜、禹、湯、文、武，之所以王天下正諸侯者，此亦其法已。

　　既曰若法，未知所以行之術，則事猶若未成，是以必為置三本。何謂三本？曰爵位不高則民不敬也，蓄祿不厚則民不信也，政令不斷則民不畏也。故古聖王高予之爵，重予之祿，任之以事，斷予之令，夫豈為其臣賜哉，欲其事之成也。詩曰：『告女憂卹，誨女予爵，孰能執熱，鮮不用濯。』則此語古者國君諸侯之不可以不執善，承嗣輔佐也。譬之猶執熱之有濯也。將休其手焉。古者聖王唯毋得賢人而使之，般爵以貴之，裂地以封之，終身不厭。賢人唯毋得明君而事之，竭四肢之力以任君之事，終身不倦。若有美善則歸之上，是以美善在上而所怨謗在下，寧樂在君，憂慼在臣，故古者聖王之為政若此。

　　今王公大人亦欲效人以尚賢使能為政，高予之爵，而祿不從也。夫高爵而無祿，民不信也。曰：『此非中實愛我也，假藉而用我也。』夫假藉之民，將豈能親其上哉！故先王言曰：『貪於政者「不能分人以事，厚於貨者不能分人以祿。』事則不與，祲則不分，請問天下之賢人將何自至乎王公大人之側哉？若苟賢者不至乎王公大人之側，則此不肖者在左右也。不肖者在左右，則其所譽不當賢，而所罰不當暴，王公大人尊此以為政乎國家，則賞亦必不當賢，而罰亦必不當暴。若苟賞不當賢而罰不當暴，則是為賢者不勸而為暴者不沮矣。是以入則不慈孝父母，出則不長弟鄉里，居處無節，出入無度，男女無別。使治官府則盜竊，守城則倍畔，君有難則不死，出亡則不從，使斷獄則不中，分財則不均，與謀事不得，舉事不成，入守不固，出誅不彊。故雖昔者三代暴王桀紂幽厲之所以失措其國家，傾覆其社稷者，已此故也。何則？皆以明小物而不明大物也。

　　今王公大人，有一衣裳不能制也，必藉良工；有一牛羊不能殺也，必藉良宰。故當若之二物者，王公大人未知以尚賢使能為政也。逮至其國家之亂，社稷之危，則不知使能以治之，親戚則使之，無故富貴、面目佼好則使之。夫無故富貴、面目佼好則使之，豈必智且有慧哉！若使之治國家，則此使不智慧者治國家也，國家之亂既可得而知已。且夫王公大人有所愛其色而使，其心不察其知而與其愛。是故不能治百人者，使處乎千人之官，不能治千人者，使處乎萬人之官。此其故何也？曰處若官者爵高而祿厚，故愛其色而使之焉。夫不能治千人者，使處乎萬人之官，則此官什倍也。夫治之法將日至者也，日以治之，日不什脩，知以治之，知不什益，而予官什倍，則此治一而棄其九矣。雖日夜相接以治若官，官猶若不治，此其故何也？則王公大人不明乎以尚賢使能為政也。故以尚賢使能為政而治者，夫若言之謂也，以下賢為政而亂者，若吾言之謂也。

　　今王公大人中實將欲治其國家，欲脩保而勿失，胡不察尚賢為政之本也？且以尚賢為政之本者，亦豈獨子墨子之言哉！此聖王之道，先王之書距年之言也。傳曰：『求聖君哲人，以裨輔而身』，湯誓云：『聿求元聖，與之戮力同心，以治天下。』則此言聖之不失以尚賢使能為政也。故古者聖王唯能審以尚賢使能為政，無異物雜焉，天下皆得其利。古者舜耕歷山，陶河瀕，漁雷澤，堯得之服澤之陽，舉以為天子，與接天下之政，治天下之民。伊摯，有莘氏女之私臣，親為庖人，湯得之，舉以為己相，與接天下之政，治天下之民。傅說被褐帶索。庸築乎傅巖，武丁得之，舉以為三公，與接天下之政，治天下之民。此何故始賤卒而貴，始貧卒而富？則王公大人明乎以尚賢使能為政。是以民無飢而不得食，寒而不得衣，勞而不得息，亂而不得治者。

　　故古聖王以審以尚賢使能為政，而取法於天。雖天亦不辯貧富、貴賤、遠邇、親疏、賢者舉而尚之，不肖者抑而廢之。然則富貴為賢，以得其賞者誰也？曰若昔者三代聖王堯、舜、禹、湯、文、武者是也。所以得其賞何也？曰其為政乎天下也，兼而愛之，從而利之，又率天下之萬民以尚尊天、事鬼、愛利萬民，是故天鬼賞之，立為天子，以為民父母，萬民從而譽之曰『聖王』，至今不已。則此富貴為賢，以得其賞者也。然則富貴為暴，以得其罰者誰也？曰若昔者三代暴王桀、紂、幽、厲者是也。何以知其然也？曰其為政乎天下也，兼而憎之，從而賊之，又率天下之民以詬天侮鬼，賊傲萬民，是故天鬼罰之，使身死而為刑戮，子孫離散，室家喪滅，絕無後嗣，萬民從而非之曰「暴王」，至今不已。則此富貴為暴，而以得其罰者也。然則親而不善，以得其罰者誰也？曰若昔者伯鯀，帝之元子，廢帝之德庸，既乃刑之于羽之郊，乃熱照無有及也，帝亦不愛。則此親而不善以得其罰者也。然則天之所使能者誰也？曰若昔者禹、稷、皋陶是也。何以知其然也？先王之書呂刑道之曰：『皇帝清問下民，有辭有苗。曰群后之肆在下，明明不常，鰥寡不蓋，德威維威，德明維明。乃名三后，恤功於民，伯夷降典，哲民維刑。禹平水土，主名山川。稷隆播種，農殖嘉穀。三后成功，維假於民。』則此言三聖人者，謹其言，慎其行，精其思慮，索天下之隱事遺利，以上事天，則天鄉其德，下施之萬民，萬民被其利，終身無已。故先王之言曰：『此道也，大用之天下則不窕，小用之則不困，脩用之則萬民被其利，終身無已。』周頌道之曰：『聖人之德，若天之高，若地之普，其有昭於天下也。若地之固，若山之承，不坼不崩。若日之光，若月之明，與天地同常。』則此言聖人之德，章明博大，埴固，以脩久也。故聖人之德蓋總乎天地者也。

　　今王公大人欲王天下，正諸侯，夫無德義將何以哉？其說將必挾震威彊。今王公大人將焉取挾震威彊哉？傾者民之死也。民生為甚欲，死為甚憎，所欲不得而所僧屢至，自古及今未有嘗能有以此王天下、正諸侯者也。今大人欲王天下，正諸侯，將欲使意得乎天下，名成乎後世，故不察尚賢為政之本也。此聖人之厚行也。」

尚賢下第十
　　子墨子言曰：「天下之王公大人皆欲其國家之富也，人民之眾也，刑法之治也，然而不識以尚賢為政其國家百姓，王公大人本失尚賢為政之本也。若苟王公大人本失尚賢為政之本也，則不能毋舉物示之乎？今若有一諸侯於此，為政其國家也，曰：『凡我國能射御之士，我將賞貴之，不能射御之士，我將罪賤之。』問於若國之士，孰喜孰懼？我以為必能射御之士喜，不能射御之士懼。我賞因而誘之矣，曰：『凡我國之忠信之士，我將賞貴之，不忠信之士，我將罪賤之。』問於若國之士，孰喜孰懼？我以為必忠信之士喜，不忠不信之士懼。今惟毋以尚賢為政其國家百姓，使國為善者勸，為暴者沮，大以為政於天下，使天下之為善者勸，為暴者沮。然昔吾所以貴堯舜禹湯文武之道者，何故以哉？以其唯毋臨眾發政而治民，使天下之為善者可而勸也，為暴者可而沮也。然則此尚賢者也，與堯舜禹湯文武之道同矣。

　　而今天下之士君子，居處言語皆尚賢，逮至其臨眾發政而治民，莫知尚賢而使能，我以此知天下之士君子，明於小而不明於大也。何以知其然乎？今王公大人，有一牛羊之財不能殺，必索良宰；有一衣裳之財不能制，必索良工。當王公大人之於此也，雖有骨肉之親，無故富貴、面目美好者，實知其不能也，不使之也，是何故？恐其敗財也。當王公大人之於此也，則不失尚賢而使能。王公大人有一罷馬不能治，必索良醫；有一危弓不能張，必索良工。當王公大人之於此也，雖有骨肉之親，無故富貴、面目美好者，實知其不能也，必不使。是何故？恐其敗財也。當王公大人之於此也，則不失尚賢而使能。逮至其國家則不然，王公大人骨肉之親，無故富貴、面目美好者，則舉之，則王公大人之親其國家也，不若親其一危弓、罷馬、衣裳、牛羊之財與。我以此知天下之士君子皆明於小，而不明於大也。此譬猶瘖者而使為行人，聾者而使為樂師。

　　是故古之聖王之治天下也，其所富，其所貴，未必王公大人骨肉之親、無故富貴、面目美好者也。是故昔者舜耕於歷山，陶於河瀕，漁於雷澤，灰於常陽堯得之服澤之陽，立為天子，使接天下之政，而治天下之民。昔伊尹為莘氏女師僕，使為庖人，湯得而舉之，立為三公，使接天下之政，治天下之民。昔者傅說居北海之洲，圜土之上，衣褐帶索，庸築於傅巖之城，武丁得而舉之，立為三公，使之接天下之政，而治天下之民。是故昔者堯之舉舜也，湯之舉伊尹也，武丁之舉傅說也，豈以為骨肉之親、無故富貴、面目美好者哉？惟法其言，用其謀，行其道，上可而利天，中可而利鬼，下可而利人，是故推而上之。

　　古者聖王既審尚賢欲以為政，故書之竹帛，琢之槃盂，傳以遺後世子孫。於先王之書呂刑之書然，王曰：『於！來！有國有士，告女訟刑，在今而安百姓，女何擇言人，何敬不刑，何度不及。』能擇人而敬為刑，堯、舜、禹、湯、文、武之道可及也。是何也？則以尚賢及之，於先王之書豎年之言然，曰：『晞夫聖、武、知人，以屏輔而身。』此言先王之治天下也，必選擇賢者以為其群屬輔佐。曰今也天下之士君子，皆欲富貴而惡貧賤。曰然。女何為而得富貴而辟貧賤？莫若為賢。為賢之道將柰何？曰有力者疾以助人，有財者勉以分人，有道者勸以教人。若此則飢者得食，寒者得衣，亂者得治。若飢則得食，寒則得衣，亂則得治，此安生生。

　　今王公大人其所富，其所貴，皆王公大人骨肉之親，無故富貴、面目美好者也。今王公大人骨肉之親，無故富貴、面目美好者，焉故必知哉！若不知，使治其國家，則其國家之亂可得而知也。今天下之士君子皆欲富貴而惡貧賤。然女何為而得富貴，而辟貧賤哉？曰莫若為王公大人骨肉之親，無故富貴、面目美好者。王公大人骨肉之親，無故富貴、面目美好者，此非可學能者也。使不知辯，德行之厚若禹、湯、文、武不加得也，王公大人骨肉之親，躄、瘖、聾，暴為桀、紂，不加失也。是故以賞不當賢，罰不當暴，其所賞者已無故矣，其所罰者亦無罪。是以使百姓皆攸心解體，沮以為善，垂其股肱之力而不相勞來也；腐臭餘財，而不相分資也，隱慝良道，而不相教誨也。若此，則飢者不得食，寒者不得衣，亂者不得治。推而上之以。

C敬语：吾常闻墨子之名，未曾亲睹，今日一见，是圣人之德。圣人善心善语，当使流布天下，代代相传，吾受教矣。